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Dutch Officers (A - S)

Jan van Amstel

Jan van Amstel lived from about 1620 to 29 September 1669.

He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1658, he served under Abraham van der Hulst in the Hilversum (52 guns) in De Ruyter's squadron in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1659, he commanded the Provincien (40 guns) under De Ruyter in the Sound, at Funen and Nyborg. In 1664, he was a convoy commander in the Mediterreanean Sea. In 1665, he commanded the Vrijheid (58 guns) at Lowestoft. In 1666, he distinguished himself at the Four Days Battle and the St. James Day Battle. In 1667, he commanded the Tijdverdrijf (60 guns) in the raid on Chatham.

Isaac Antheuniszoon van Anten

Isaac Antheuniszoon van Anten served the Admiralty of the Maze. He commanded the adviesjacht Hoop(6 guns) through the Third Anglo-Dutch War. He seems to have been absent from the Battle of Solebay in June 1672. He fought in the Battle of the Texel on 21 August 1673, where he was assigned to Jan de Liefde's division. He commanded the transport Blauwen Arend in June 1674, in De Ruyter's expedition to Martinique. Andrew says that Isaac Antheuniszoon Anten served in the Danish navy from 1676 until 1678, when he returned to the Dutch service. In 1676, he was second captain of the ship Christianus Quintus (86 guns, 270 men). The Christianus Quintus was Cornelis Tromp's flagship. He fought in the Battle of Oland in June 1676. In 1677 he was appointed the captain of the ship Svanen (62 guns). He fought in the Battle of Kjöge Bay on 1 July 1677. This latter part is an edited version of the communication from Andrew.

Sources:

• R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
• James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript Dutch Ships 1600-1700, 2005.
• J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
• Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
• Personal communication from Andrew.

Douwe Aukes

Douwe Aukes was born about 1610. From Mollema, we don't know when he died. He served the Admiralties of Friesland and Amsterdam.

In 1652, he distinguished himself as captain of the Vogelstruys in the Battle of Plymouth. In 1657, he was a skipper in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1665, he was a merchant at Amsterdam. In 1666, he supposedly went to the East Indies.

Claes Bakker (Klaas Backer)

Claes Bakker commanded the Noorderkwartier ship, the Wapen van Holland (38 guns) in Pieter Florissen's squadron at the Battle of the Sound, in 1658. That squadron was the rear of the fleet. In 1659, Claes Bakker and Claes Valehaan captured the Delmenhorst.

Claes Bakker's ships

1654

1658

Sources:

• Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Hollandische Seekrieg 1652-1654 Sowie der Schwedisch-Hollandische Seekrieg 1658-1659, Haag, 1923.
• James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript Dutch Ships 1600-1700, 2005.

Pieter Bakker

Pieter Bakker served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. In August and September 1672, he commanded the small frigate, the Mercurius, 24 guns. In early 1653, Pieter Bakker commanded the Jupiter, 42 guns. I have some contradictory information about what happened after that. George Legge, the captain of the English 2nd Rate Royal Katherine said in his log that he captured the Jupiter of Enkhuizen, whose captain was Pieter Bakker, and which carried 50 guns and had a crew of 150 men. I have information that Pieter Bakker commanded the Jupiter in May 1673, at the Schooneveld battles and in August 1673, at the Battle of the Texel. In April 1674, he commanded the Jupiter, presumably at Martinique, with De Ruyter.

Pieter Bakker's ships

1672

1673-1674

Sources:

• My unpublished list, "Dutch Ships 1620-1700".
• Dr. J.R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in journalen en andere stukken, Groningen, 1666.
• R.C. Anderson, Ed., Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, London, 1946.

Wemberich van Berchem

Wemberich van Berchem lived from 1581 to 30 May 1653. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam, and was a captain in 1621 and Vice-Admiral in 1628. 1605, he was captured in the West Indies. In 1607, he served the VOC (the East India Company). In 1621 to 1628, he fought against the Dunkirkers. It seems that in 1624, his ship blew up, but he survived. In 1628, he was a convoy commander in the Sound. He defeated two Dunkirkers at Skagen. In 1629, he was a squadron commander under Piet Hein, and fought in the Gulf of Biscay against Dunkirkers. In 1632, he served under Van Dorp in the Channel. In 1637, commanded, as Vice-Admiral, the Frederick Hendrick off the Flemish coast. In 1638, he was dismissed from the service.

This is my translation of what J.C. Mollema wrote in the "Honor Roll".

Willem van Bergen

All that I know about the Dutch captain Willem van Bergen is from Brandt's biography of De Ruyter (published in 1687). In August 1665, he commanded the small frigate Popkensburg (22 guns and a crew of 110 men). In September, the Wapen van Leiden, commanded by Barent Hals, and the Popkensburg were roaming, away from the fleet at Texel. Earlier, in June 1657, Willem van Bergen was said to have been found by the French at Livorno (Leghorn). In July, De Ruyter boarded his ship and spoke with him.

Michiel Franszoon van den Bergh

Captain Michiel Franszoon van den Bergh served the Admiralty of Rotterdam. In early 1652, he commanded the Rotterdam ship Gelderland (40 guns) in the Mediterranean Sea. He spent most of the First Anglo-Dutch War in the Mediterranean Sea, but did not participate in the big battles. His ship had been built in 1634 and was one of the ships that were 250 lasts. The dimensions in Amsterdam feet were about 128.5ft x 30.5ft x 13.5ft. I say "about", as these are converted from Maas feet. His ship had been commissioned in 1651, apparently as one of the 36 cruisers that were activated in preparation for possible war with England. Captain van den Bergh returned from the Mediterranean with ships commanded by Cornelis Tromp in early November 1653. In 1656, he took part in the operation to blockade Danzig, under the command of Lt.-Admiral van Wassenaer. In this operation, Captain van den Bergh commanded the fairly new ship Prins Maurits (built in 1653). This ship was about 300 lasts (134ft x 33ft x 13.5ft) and carried 42 guns.

Adriaan Teding van Berkhout

Adriaan Teding van Berkhout served the Admiralty of Noorderkwartier. He was a lieutenant in 1652 and a captain in 1665. In 1652 and early 1653, he served as lieutenant under Cornelis Tromp in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1666, he fought in the Four Days and St. James Day battles.

Frank Fox, in A Distant Storm says that Captain van Berkhout commanded the Prinses Roijaal (40 guns), in Cornelis Tromp's squadron at the Battle of Lowestoft. At the Four Days Battle, he was in Jan Meppel's squadron, where he commanded the Drie Helden Davids (48 guns). At the St. James Day Battle, he commanded the same ship in Meppel's squadron.

Jacob Teding van Berkhout

Jacob Teding van Berkhout served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. We first know of him in 1671, when he commanded the Harderwijk (44 guns and a crew of 180 sailors and 40 soldiers) in Lt.-Admiral Van Ghent's squadron with the fleet. By May of 1672, he commanded the Akerboom (60 guns and a crew of 230 sailors and 50 soldiers), again in Van Ghent's squadron. He commanded the Akerboom at least through the Schooneveld battles in 1673. From analysis, it is apparent that he was the Battle of the Texel in August 1673, not Adriaan Teding van Berkhout, who served the Noorderkwartier. The next time he is mentioned in "Brandt", he was in command of the Oosterwijk (60 guns and a crew of 270 men), in July 1675. He was under the command of De Ruyter, destined for the Mediterranean Sea. In January 1676, Captain Teding van Berkhout was assigned to the Third Squadron, under Schout-bij-Nacht Nicolaes Verschuur. He was also present on 22 April 1676, with the fleet, at Etna. On 28 May 1676, he was under Vice-Admiral Callenburgh at Palermo. "Brandt" is useless, after De Ruyter was killed.

Christiaan Bernhard, Graaf van Bentheim

Christiaan Bernhard, Graaf van Bentheim served the Admiralty of Amstedam. In 1683, he served as a volunteer in the fleet. He fought in the Battle of La Hougue, where he commanded the Edam (50 guns). He was assigned to Philips van Almonde's division. In 1694, he was sent to Carthagena in the West Indies. In 1696, he served with the fleet under the command of Philips van Almonde, where he commanded the ship Zeeland (64 guns). In the West Indies, he captured the Spanish San Christo. He died of disease in 1697.

Sources:

• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
• Stapel, unpublished manuscript Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692, 2005.

Jan Davidszoon Bondt

This is based on my translation of the entry in Mollema's "Honor Roll" supplemented by other material:

Jan Davidszoon Bondt lived until 5 February 1677. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1665, he was a volunteer under De Ruyter. In 1666, he commanded the Klein Harder (34 guns) in the Four Days and St. James's Day Battles. Afterwards, he became a fireship commander. In 1667, he was commander of 5 frigates taken by 11 English ships. In 1672/1673, He commanded the Stad Utrecht (66 guns) at Solebay, Schooneveld, and the Battle of the Texel. In 1675, he served under Benckes in the Sound. In 1676, he captured several Dunkirkers and the served under Benckes in the West Indies (Tabago). Because he left Tabago without authorization in 1676, he was beheaded in Amsterdam in February 1677.

Jacob van Boshuisen

For some reason, Dr. Elias did not write about captains who commanded ships during the First Anglo-Dutch War. One example is Jacob van Boshuisen. One place where he appears is in the famous "26 February 1652" list from the Admiralty of Rotterdam. On that date, Jacob van Boshuisen was in command of the Wapen van Rotterdam, another of those 116ft ships built in 1639 to the same general design. In early 1652, she carried 26 guns. Presumably, her dimensions were 116ft x 27ft x 11ft, as was the case with a more prominent member of the group, the Gorinchem. Captain Boshuisen also appeared in The First Dutch War, Vol.III, on page 196. This is a list of Rotterdam captains who started the war in command of ships. The entry says that Captain Jacob van Boshuisen "entered the service on August 1, 1651 with 70 men for a period of 13 months, until he was obliged to abandon his ship, detained in England". Apparently, this ship was one of those seized in an English port at the start of the war. I guess that must be the reason he didn't appear in Dr. Elias' index in Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van Ons Zeewezen.

To my mind, it is an open question if he was the same Jacob van Boshuisen who commanded the Delft at Lowestoft in June 1665.

Pieter van Brakel

Here is more information from J.C. Mollema's Honor Roll list. Other sources may differ, apparently. This list was published circa 1941.

Pieter van Brakel lived from about 1624 to 29 December 1664. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was an Extraordinary-Captain in 1644 and an Ordinary Captain in 1653.

He served in the First Anglo-Dutch War. He fought at Dungeness and Terheide (Scheveningen) in the Bommel (28 guns) under Maarten Harpertsz. Tromp. In 1654, 1656, and 1657, he served under De Ruyter in the Mediterranean Sea and on the Portuguese coast. In 1658 and 1659, he commanded the Huis te Kruiningen (54 guns) on the Portuguese coast and in the Sound. In 1661, Captain ban Brakel was a convoy commander in the North Sea. In 1664, while defending the Smyrna convoy, he distinguised himself and was killed while fighting Sir Thomas Allin.

Hendrick Bruynsvelt

Hendrick Bruysvelt served the Friesland Admiralty. Mollema didn't know his birthdate, but he died in 1675. He was a captain in 1658 and Schout-bij-Nacht in 1665. From 1630 to 1644, he served in Brazil. In 1658 and 1659, he commanded the Oostergo (54 guns) under De Ruyter in the Sound. In 1665, as Schout-bij-Nacht, his flagship was the Albertina (50 guns) at the Battle of Lowestoft. In 1666, he served with distinction at the Four Days Battle, where he captured two English ships. In 1667, he commanded the Prins Hendrick Casimir (72 guns) in the raid on Chatham. In 1672 to 1673, he commanded his own ship at Solebay and Kijkduin. In 1674, he served under Cornelis Tromp on the French coast.

This information is drawn from J.C. Mollema.

Hendrick Janszoon Camp

Thanks to Andrew in Russia, I have some information about Hendrick Janszoon Camp. The original was in Dutch, and this is my translation of what Andrew sent:

From 1636 to 1637, Hendrick Janszoon Camp commanded the Directors' yacht Breda, which Trmp had sent away due to its bad sailing. The yacht was tasked to go to Cape LeFevie and Dieppe to see if there were ships there waiting for a convoy.

On September 15, 1639, Hendrick Janszoon Camp was at the battle off Beachy Head under Tromp. He was on the Directors' yacht Gidion from the province of Friesland under the Admiralty of Rotterdam.

On Ocotber 21, 1639, Captain Camp was on the Directors' yacht Gidion at the Battle of the Downs.

From 1640 to 1641, Captain Camp was at the Admiralty of Friesland. In 1642, was ordered to pout to sea in the only Friesland ship that was ready at the Texel.

In 1648, Pytter Meynerts. Spierhingh of Harlingen was lieutenant in Captain Camp's ship. From 1650 to 1652, he was with the relief force off Brazil.

On 10 December 1652, he was at the Battle of Dungeness, off the Singels, in the ship Groningen. On 13 December 1652, he and Captain Verburch fought two larger English frigates (Fairfax and Portsmouth). His ship was heavily damaged in the fighting with approximately 100 shots above and below the waterline. Because of that, the admiralty provided him with another ship.

Captain Camp took part in the Battle of Portland (28 February to 2 March 1653) on the ship Groningen under Tromp. Perhaps he was killed there, as his lieutenant, Frederick Stellingwerf was suggested as a possible successor, but he was probably not appointed. He did assume command of the Zevenwolden (38 guns) and took part in the Battle of the Gabbard and the Scheveningen, where his ship was sunk and he became an English prisoner.

Dingeman Cats

Dingeman Cats served the Admiralty of Zeeland during the First Anglo-Dutch War. "Dingeman" almost comes across as a title, not a first name: "Thing Man". In any case, he was from Middelburg. Captain Cats commanded the small, 23-gun Zeeland ship, Gecroonde Liefde. She was only 112ft long. His ship was said to be one of the 100 ships hired in 1652. In July and August 1652, he was with Tromp's fleet on the voyage to the Shetlands. His ship survived the storm. He and his ship seem to have not been at the Battle of the Kentish Knock. In November and December, he was with the fleet at the Battle of Dungeness. He was assigned to Jan Evertsen's squadron. He took part in the Battle of Portland, and his ship was one of a group of 17 Zeeland ships that set sail, after the battle, for Zeeland. They arrived in the Scheldt on March 5, 1653. In June 1653, he fought in the Battle of the Gabbard (Nieuwpoort or the Two Days Battle). He was in Michiel De Ruyter's squadron at the Battle of Scheveningen. We can verify that because there are orders to Dingeman Cats from De Ruyter, telling him that his primary duty in the battle was to rescue crews from Dutch ships sunk in the battle. He was still to fight, but that was not his primary duty. He and his ship were still listed in the "Staet van Oorlog te water" for 1654, and his ship appears as well in the list from 1655 summarized in Dr. Elias' book, De Vlootbouw in Nederland.

Joris van Cats

Mollema, in the "Honor Roll" calls him Joris Catz (without the "van"). He lived from about 1590 to 1654. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was a captain in 1621, Commandeur in 1640, and Schout-bij-Nacht in 1647.

In 1622, Joris van Cats was a squadron commander in the expedition of Pijnacker to Morocco. In 1630-31, he made two voyages as squadron commander to Muscovy. In 1631, he distinguished himself with Captain Vink against the Dunkirkers. In 1636-38, he commanded the Zutphen in the blockade of Dunkirk. In 1639, he distinguished himself as a squadron commander at the Battle of the Downs. In 1641-43, he was the blockade commander before Dunkirk. In 1651-52, he was fleet commander in the Mediterranean Sea, blockading the English in Livorno. He was replaced by Johan van Galen.

R.C. Anderson can give us some more insight into the latter event, in his 1963 Mariner's Mirror article, "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean". This relies upon what Anderson has to say about Cats.

In August 1651, the Dutch decided to send a fleet of 15 ships, under Maarten Tromp's command, to the Mediterranean to defend Dutch sea commerce against the French. That did not actually happen. Instead, about October 1651, Joris van Cats was sent with 5 ships towards Cadiz. Tromp got sick, so he never arrived. There is a document, from the Rotterdam Admiralty, that mentions this deployment. They were actually going to send Tromp, in the Brederode (54 guns), along with other ships. Instead, the Dutch found that the English had hostile intent towards them, and so Tromp stayed in home waters.

Joris van Cats did not receive his orders to move into the Mediterranean Sea until 20 March 1652 (probably Old Style). Apparently on 27 June (I believe that this is the correct month) blockaded the English commodore Appleton in Livorno, with his squadron.

Appleton made the mistake to let Owen Cox, in the Constant Warwick take a French ship, outside the port. That offended the Duke of Tuscany, who demanded the ship's release. After the Constant Warwick left Livorno to careen at Genoa, Appleton was left with only two ships.

The Dutch, at home, were disappointed at Joris van Cats' lack of action. Johan van Galen was sent out, over land, to replace him. He arrived at Livorno on 22 August (Old Style), and led the fleet into battle, after only five more days.

From my unpublished document, Dutch Ships 1620-1700, we know something more about Joris van Cats' ships (this is only for what I have documentation):

• From 1636 to 1637 Zutphen (8 brass and 18 iron guns), crew of 110 salors and 20 soldiers.
• 1639 Zutphen (28 guns), the crew being 110 men.
• 1652 Jaarsveld (44 guns), the crew being 150 men.

Additional Sources:

• Dr. M.G. De Boer, De Kapiteinsjaren van Maerten Harpertszoon Tromp, Amsterdam, 1938.
• Dr. M.G. De Boer, Tromp en de Armada van 1639, Amsterdam, 1941.

Bastiaen Centen

Frank Fox says that rumour said that Bastiaen Centen (or Senten) was an expatriot Scot. In any case, he served with distinction from the First Anglo-Dutch War until he was killed at the Battle of Lowestoft. Apparently, his ship in the First Anglo-Dutch War was the Haes. Possibly, this was the Haes in 't Veld (30 guns), which had been commanded by Leendert den Haen at the Battle of Plymouth.

Bastiaen Centen was present at the Battle of Dungeness, and after the battle, captured the English hired ship, the Hercules (34 guns), which had been sailing independently.

At the Battle of Lowestoft, Bastiaen Centen commanded the East Indiaman, Oranje (76 guns). Thanks to Artitec, the Dutch model makers, we know the Oranje's dimensions:

I suspect the depth of hold would be 18 feet, measured from the keel to the underside of the main deck.

At the Battle of Lowestoft, Bastiaen Centen fought gallantly to support his fleet commander against the Duke of York, whose flagship was the Royal Charles (78 guns). There is a Van de Velde drawing, on page 118 and 119 of Frank Fox's book that shows the bow of the Oranje, engaging an unidentified English ship.

After the Dutch flagship, Eendracht (73 guns), blew up, Bastiaen Centen attacked the Royal Charles. Eventually, the great East Indiaman was overcome and captured. The Oranje was so badly damaged, the English burnt the ship, after taking off the survivors, including a badly wounded Captain Centen. The Duke of York was saddened when the gallant Centen died a half hour after being captured. He had hoped that such a brave man would survive.

Sources:

• J. C. Mollema, "Honor Roll".
• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days Battle of 1666.
• Artitec.nl website: http://voc.artitec.nl.
• J.E. Elias, Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van Ons Zeewezen.
• Various volumes of The First Dutch War (Navy Records Society).

Hendrick Cleuter

For some reason, the only information that I have about Hendrick Cleuter is from the 1629 "Staet van Oorlog te Water", and possibly one other. In 1629, he commanded the Amserdam ship Haerlem, said to be of 225 lasts, a substantial ship. The Haerlem carried about 28 guns: 2-24pdr, 4-18pdr, 16-12pdr, 6-5pdr, and 7-steenstukken with 14 chambers. The 28 guns doesn't count the steenstukken, which Jan Glete says are "swivels". The Haerlem is well-armed, with 22 guns of 12pdr or larger. I have two data items for the Haerlem, and one has her crew as 95 men and the other as 90 men. She was built in 1623. I would expect a ship of 225 lasts to be about 125ft x 29ft x 13ft (Amsterdam feet of 283mm). For some reason, Captain Cleuter doesn't appear in any of the obvious books where he might be expected to be. He also doesn't appear in Mollema's "Honor Roll", such as Dr. Graefe's book, De Kapiteinsjaren van Maerten Harpertszoon Tromp, which definitely covers the 1620's and early 1630's.

Rudolf Coenders

Rudolf Coenders, who served the Admiralty of Friesland. He only became a captain in 1662, when he was only 24 years old. By 1665, he had been appointed a Vice-Admiral.

He had served as a teenager, at the Battles of the Gabbard and Scheveningen, in 1653.

In the Second Anglo-Dutch War, he was at the Battle of Lowestoft, the action at Bergen, the Four Days Battle, until he was killed at the St. Jame's Day Battle, in 1666.

• In June, 1665, Rudolf Coenders flew his flag, as Vice-Admiral, in the 40-gun ship, the Groningen.
• In August, 1665, Coenders was in the 54-gun ship, the Stad en Lande.
• In 1666, he was in the 72-gun ship, the Groningen.

Jacob Jan van Cooperen (or Koperen)

Jacob Jan van Cooperen (or Koperen) served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was born in Rotterdam in 1669 and died there in December 1732. He was appointed as a lieutenant on 27 July 1690. On 20 February 1691, he was appointed as a captain-lieutenant-at-sea. In 1693, he was promoted to extra-ordinary captain. On 15 February 1698, he was promoted to full captain. He fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay, where he commanded the Wassenaar (60 guns). Finally, on 22 September 1713, he was appointed as a Schout-bij-Nacht by the Admiralty of the Maze. In 1706, he was one of the seamen who took part in the storming of Alicante. In 1708, he was part of the force that strengthed Lisbon. In 1711, he cruised on the coast of Catalonia. In 1711, he was sent to Naples and Tuscany. In 1714, he took his division to the Baltic. In 1725, he was sent to the Algerian coast.

Sources:

• Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.
• Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript Wassenaar 1693, 2005.

Barend Barendszoon Cramer

This drawn from my translation of what Dr. De Boer wrote about Barend Cramer:

In 1639, Barend Barendszoon Cramer took part in the whole campaign of the Battle of the Downs as flag captain of the Tromp in the Aemilia. He had already spent 24 years in the fleet, first as a quartermaster on the ship of Lt.-Admiral van Dorp and then with Tromp, who had appointed him as captain of the Aemilia. On 29 November 1640, he brought out an interesting report concerning the Aemilia, her poor condition, and unfitness for sea in the winter.

Three years later, Tromp tried to provide a better command for him as a convoyer with the great fishery of the College of the Maas, and gave him a glowing recommendation. But it was to no avail. Captain Cramer applied again, the following year.

They tried again in 1645 in Amsterdam. Now, Tromp was able to win a command for his protégé. Finally, on 9 September, he received a commission by the Admiral-General. He did not get command of the ship he wanted, the Walcheren, but the old ship of Captain Toelast, instead.

Captain Cramer had a difficult time, then in 1647, he sailed with Witte de With for Brazil. He and the Vice-Admiral fought, and in the courtmartial, Captain Cramer was found guilty, due to the injury he caused. After returning, on 8 February 1650, with complaints about the procedures followed by Witte de With. He seems to have been rehabilitated by a resolution of 16 September, in which he requested employment. His request was considered, along with good recommendations, and he was restored. He continued to have poor relations with Witte de With, and had an incident on 22 May 1652, where orders had been issued for the division of the fleet.

In the early part of the First Anglo-Dutch War, we know that Barend Cramer served under Commandeur Augustijn Balck in Witte de With's squadron. On July 5, he attended a council of war on board the Brederode, prior to sailing for the Shetlands. His was one of 26 Amsterdam ships operating with the main fleet. In October 1652, he was Balck's Vice-Admiral on the convoy to Muscovy. He commanded the Edam (28 guns) through the war.

In 1659, he commanded the Hollandia (44 guns) in De Ruyter's fleet in the Sound. This was an ship that was unique in the Dutch fleet, in that her dimension were 142ft x 32-1/2ft x 14-1/2ft. She was longer and narrower than other 44 gun ships. She disappeared her service in 1659, although it just may be that no records have survived.

Hendrick Denijs

This is my translation of the passage about Hendrik Denijs from Mollema's "Honor Roll":

Hendrick Corneliszoon Denijs lived up until about 1640. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was a skipper in the Levant in 1624. He was promoted to captain in 1625 and Commandeur in 1639. In 1625, he served under Willem van der Leck (natural son of Prince Maurits). In 1627, he was in the blockade service under Van Dorp. In 1628, he was flag captain under Van Berchem before Dunkirk. In 1639, he was a commandeur under Tromp before Dunkirk and at the Downs, where he distinguished himself.

We know that in 1628, he commanded the ship Leiden (110 lasts). Later in 1628, he commanded the Gelderland, which was a larger ship of 200 lasts. The Gelderland carried 26 guns: 2-chambered 18pdr, 2-18pdr, 6-12pdr, 8-8pdr, and 8-5pdr. Her crew consisted of 90 sailors and 30 soldiers. A list from 1629 gives her size as only 180 lasts, pointing out the lack of consistent data from this period.

At the Battle of the Downs, Commandeur Denijs had a squadron of 8 ships to contain the Spanish fleet at the South end of the Downs. Cornelis Jol (alias Admiral Houtebeen) was at the North end with 7 ships. Witte de With's orders were to "contain" the English fleet with 34 ships including 4 fireships, if they made any move to aid the Spanish.

Jan Janszoon Dick

Jan Dick lived until 10 July 1690. He served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. He was a captain in 1671 and a Schout-bij-Nacht in 1673.

In 1672, he fought at Solebay where his ship, the Jozua was sunk. In 1673, he commanded the Eenhoorn (70 guns) at Schooneveld, and fought as a Schout-bij-Nacht at the Battle of the Texel (Kijkduin), where he was severely wounded. In 1674, he served under Cornelis Tromp on the French coast and in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1688, he commanded a squadron in the fleet that brought William III to England. In 1690, he was killed at the Battle of Beach Head (Bevesier).

This is from my translation from Mollema's "Honor Roll".

These are Jan Dick's ships (from my unpublished document):

• 1671 Caleb, 48 guns, crew 184 sailors and 59 soldiers
• May 1672 Jozua, about 54 guns
• July 1672 Noorderkwartier, 60 guns, crew 256 sailors and 13 soldiers
• May-August 1673 Eenhoorn, 70 guns
• 1688 Noorderkwartier, 64 guns, crew 300

Filips van Dorp

Filips van Dorp lived from 1587 to 1652. He was a captain of Zeeland in 1621, Vice-Admiral in 1624, Lieutenant-Admiral in 1626, and Lieutenant-Admiral of Holland in 1629.

In 1620-1621, he commanded the Meermin (20 guns) under Haultain and Swartenhondt in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1624, he was a squadron and convoy commander, operating against the Spanish Dunkirkers. He was awarded the golden chain, for his distinguished service. In 1625, he served under Haultain before Rochelle. In 1626, he served as Vice-Admiral for Dunkirk. In 1627, he established a corps to propagate sea-soldiers. He was blockade commander on the Flemish coast and in the Channel from 1632-1637, when he was dismissed.

R. C. Anderson later characterized Joris van Cats as a "Van Dorp" type, meaning that he was more of a politician and diplomat than commander in battle.

Daniel Elsevier

Daniel Elsevier lived from about 1630 to 26 February 1688. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was a lieutenant in 1665, captain in 1672, Schout-bij-Nacht in 1683, and Vice-Admiral in 1686.

In 1666, he took the captured Sir George Ayscue to the Netherlands after the Four Days Battle. In 1672, he commanded the Stavoren at Solebay, where he was caught, captured, and exchanged. In 1673, he commanded the Zeelandia at Schooneveld and Kijkduin. In 1676, he commanded the Ackerboom (60 guns) in the Sound under Philips van Almonde. He fought at Bornholm and Oland against Sweden. In 1677, he was a pallbearer at De Ruyter's funeral. In 1678, he served under Evertsen in the relief fleet to Spain. In 1683, he commanded the Moriaanshoofd in the expedition of Schepers to Gothenburg and saved the Hollandia on the return voyage. This well have been the occasion when a storm sank many Dutch warships. Adriaan de Haze

Adriaan de Haze served the Admiralty of Zeeland.

We don't know, from Mollema, when he was born. He died on 23 March 1672. He was a captain in 1652. Despite that, he doesn't appear in the books, The First Dutch War and Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen. In 1652, he distinguished himself at the Battle off Dover. In 1665, he fought at Lowestoft. In 1666, he commanded the Veere (or Kampveere) (46 guns) at both the Four Days Battle and the St. James Day Battle. In 1672, he was killed while commanding the Vlissingen (50 guns) when he was protecting the Smyrna convoy.

Samuel Forman

Samuel Forman served the Admiralty of the Maze. In 1691 and 1692, he commanded the Rotterdam (44 guns) as a convoyer off of Portugal. In 1691, he fought a French privateer off Cadiz. In 1696, he commanded the frigate Rozendaal (38 guns). He was involved in a fight against 8 Dunkirkers off Yarmouth. On 22 May 1703, in the Rotterdam, he took part in a battle with the Marquis de Coëtlogon.

Sources:

• Hubert Granier, Le Marechal de Coëtlogon.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
• Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript Rotterdam fregat 1695, 2005.
• Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript Rozendaal 1692, 2005.

Huybert Geel

Huybert Geel served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. His first name is variously spelled Huybert, Huibert, or Huibrecht. He commanded the advijsjacht Triton (12 guns) in 1672 and 1673. He fought in the Battle of Solebay in 1672, where he was assigned to De Ruyter's squadron. In June 1673, he commanded the advijsjacht Mercurius (12 guns). He apparently was only at the First Schooneveld Battle.

Sources:

• James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript Dutch Ships 1600-1700, 2005.
• Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.

Cornelis Cornelisz de Groot

I had not remembered that there was a document which definitively says that Cornelis Cornelisz de Groot commanded the Amsterdam Directors' ship Samson (Sampson). I had thought that it just said "Cornelis Cornelisz", but it adds "groot" at the end. The copy is bad, so it is a good thing that I have another page with the Samson's specifications. I am most familiar with Cornelis Cornelisz de Groot from his part in talking Witte de With out of attacking Scarborough, after sailing there in April 1653, on a raid. This is the information about the Samson:

It is not unusual that the information is not consistent across documents. The best document lacks gun information. There may be another document, and I probably need to check my original copy to see if I can read more.

Leendert Haecxwant

Captain Leendert Haexwant's last name is spelled differently in many places. J.C. Mollema spells it "Haecxwant". Hendrick De Raedt's pamphlet from 1652 spells his name as "Haickwandt". I have also seen it spelled as "Haagswant", as the "Staet van Oorlog te water" for 1654 lists his name. In any case, he lived until August 1678. He served the Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maze). He was a captain as early as 1628 and a Schout-bij-Nacht in 1664.

Mollema has a substantial paragraph about Leendert Haexwant, which I have augmented. In 1627, Leendert Haexwant served as a lieutenant against the Dunkirkers. In 1628, he was a convoy commander. We know that in 1629, he commanded the Vergulden Arent (20 guns and a crew of 75 men). The Vergulden Arent was a ship of 120 lasts. I estimate that a ship of 120 lasts would have dimensions approximately 102ft x 25ft x 9ft-4in. In 1636, he fought against the Dunkirkers. In 1643, he captured two Dunkirkers. we know that he participated in Tromp's expedition to the Shetlands in July and August 1652. During the First Anglo-Dutch War, he commanded the small Rotterdam frigate Utrecht (22 guns and a crew of 90 men). In 1652, he served under Tromp in the Battle of Dungeness, and then was a convoy commander. In 1656, he commanded the Utrecht (42 guns and a crew of 155 men) under Van Wassenaer in the Sound. In 1658, he commanded the Hollandia (64 guns) under Van Wassenaer in the Sound. In 1664, he served under De Ruyter in the Mediterranean Sea and the West Indies as a Schout-bij-Nacht. He commanded the Rotterdam (34 guns and a crew of 123 men). 1665, he asked to leave the service due to illness and his age.

Albert Corneliszoon 't Hoen

The elder captain Albert Corneliszoon 't Hoen was killed at the Battle of Monte Cristo, on 6 September 1652. He had been born in 1597, and as a young man had served under Mooy Lambert in the Mediterranean Sea (1619). He had extensive experience in the Mediterranean, as he had battled the Algerians in 1628. Later in 1628, he had served under Marinus Hollare operating against the Spanish Dunkirkers. In 1639, he was at the Battle of the Downs, when the Spanish fleet was all but annihilated by the Dutch. In 1651, 't Hoen served under Joris van Cats, back in the Mediterranean Sea.

Govert Albertszoon 't Hoen

Govert Albertszoon 't Hoen must have been Albert's son, as that is what his name indicates. Govert 't Hoen was born in 1629, and also served under the Noorder-Kwartier Admiralty, when he was old enough. He became a captain in 1655. In 1658, he was at the Battle of the Sound, where he commanded the Jonge Prins, 30 guns, a veteran of many battles. Later in 1659, he was in De Ruyter's fleet in the Sound. He continued with De Ruyter, and served under him in the Mediterranean, in 1664. Captain 't Hoen commanded the Caleb, which at that time only carried 36 guns (I suppose for service in distant waters). By the time of the Four Days Battle in 1666, he was in the Jozua, a considerably larger ship, when he was a Schout-bij-nacht (Rear-Admiral). He was killed at the St. James Day Battle, a few months later.

Gerrit Hooft

Gerrit Hooft served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1688, he commanded the Nijmegen (46 guns) in the fleet that took Willem III to England. In July 1689, he was in a group of three frigates commanded by Paulus van der Dussen. They fought a sharp action against four Dunkirkers not far from the Texel. Gerrit Hooft was unlucky to be killed by a cannonball.

Sources:

• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

Frederick Pieterszoon 't Hovelinck

Frederick Pieterszoon 't Hovelinck of Enkhuizen was usually just called Frederick Pieterszoon. In the campaign of 1639, leading up to the Battle of the Downs, he commanded a ship hired in Amsterdam from private owners, the Groote Christoffel (28 guns and a crew of 90 men). Frederick Pieterszoon served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. On 12 July 1639, he had taken a small bark heading for Dunkirk carrying apples and lemons. On 16 September, under the command of Lt.-Admiral Tromp, while sailing on the starboard tack to fight the Spanish, Frederick Pieterszoon's ship blew up killing him and most of the crew, apparently caused by mishandling gunpowder. A few survivors were picked up by the Spanish, who returned them on 22 September, along with a few sailors who jumped off Witte de With's ship when there was a fire.

Abraham van der Hulst

One question that would be nice to answer is why there would be a Dunkirk flag at the stern of a ship in the background of an Abraham van der Hulst portrait. The ship has a lion on the taffrail and seems to have Dutch flags at the mastheads. There is no obvious ship that would be part of the Amsterdam admiralty that would fit. The protraits is said to date from 1655.

I had not been familiar with the ragged cross flag of the Spanish Dunkirkers, but I soon learned something about it. I guess that the red cross is meant to be like to crossed sticks or logs. It is derived from the Hapsburg Spanish flag.

Claes Bastiaanszoon van Jaarsveld

Claes Bastiaanszoon van Jaarsveld served the Directors of Amsterdam. In 1639, at the Battle of the Downs, he commanded a ship for the Northern Directors of Amsterdam. On 3 October 1639, he was a member of Witte de With's squadron. There were some notable captains in this squadron, including Jan de Lieffde, Marinus Juynbol, Abraham Crijnssen, and Frans Mangelaer.

In early 1652, Captain van Jaarsveld was given command of the David en Goliad, one of the 50 Directors' ships that were to be hired. His lieutenant was Godefred van Beringer. The David en Goliad's dimensions were: 130ft x 32ft x 12ft, with a 7ft height between decks. Her armament was 34 guns: 4-brass 24pdr, 14-12pdr, 10-8pdr, 4-6pdr, and 2-3pdr (as of 8 November 1652).

On 4 August 1652, he was in the Shetlands with Tromp's fleet.

In April 1653, he was in Witte de With's squadron. On May 17, 1653, he was Pieter Florissen's Schout-bij-Nacht.

Gillis Janszoon

Gillis Janszoon lived until June 1659. He was from Veere. He served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He was a captain in 1636 and Schout-bij-Nacht in 1657. In 1639, he fought under Tromp at the Battle of the Downs.

From the beginning of the First Anglo-Dutch War, Gillis Janszoon commanded a ship with 28 guns and a crew of 100 men. This was likely the Zeeridder, a 116ft ship. In July and August 1652, he was with Tromp's fleet in the voyage to the Shetlands, where the fleet was battered by a storm. Gillis Janszoon fought under Witte de With at the Battle of the Kentish Knock. At the Battle of Dungeness, he was in Jan Evertsen's squadron. In 1653, he fought at the Battle of Portland, the Battle of the Gabbard, and the Battle of Scheveningen. In July 1654, he was still in command of the Zeeridder.

In 1657, he served under Van Wassenaer on the Portuguese coast. In 1658, he commanded the Windhond (23 guns and a crew of 67 sailors and 25 soldiers) under Van Wassenaer at the Battle of the Sound. He died in 1659, while in the Sound.

Jacob de Jongh

Jacob de Jongh was born in Enkhuizen about 1640. He died at Enkhuizen on 4 December 1718. He served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. He was appointed as a lieutenant in 1665. He was promoted to Captain in either 1674 or 1688. He must have been the commander of the Noorderkwartier (68 guns) in the Battle of La Hougue in June 1692. He also must have commanded the Maagd van Enkhuizen (72 guns) in 1696 with the fleet commanded by Philips van Almonde. On 23 October 1699, he was appointed as Schout-bij-Nacht. In 1705, he was in the fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. On 11 April 1709, he was appointed as Vice-Admiral. On 17 Ferbruary 1713, he was appointed as Lieutenant-Admiral.

Sources:

• Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

Joost Banckert de Jonge

There is minimal mention of Joost Banckert in Mollema's "Honor Roll". This is my translation of what is there:

Joost Banckert died on 28 February 1652 (the first day of the Battle of Portland: the Three Days Battle). In 1652, he fought under De Ruyter at the Battle of Plymouth. He commanded the Zeeland ship Liefde (26 guns and a crew of 86 men). In 1653, he was killed at the Three Days Battle.

Joost Banckert de Jonge was a son of Joost van Trappen Banckert (Joost de Oude). He had two brothers: Adriaan Banckert and Jan Banckert (who was killed on 13 June 1665). He had a son, also named Joost, who was a captain in 1673. We know that on 27 June 1652, he reported that an English fleet with 1200 musketeers was headed for Zeeland to make an landing. That proved to be false. He took part in the Battle of Plymouth, under De Ruyter. On 23 September 1652, his ship was sent in as being unfit to stay at sea, so he missed the Battle of the Kentish Knock. Joost Banckert fought at the Battle of Dungeness. He was present at the start of the Battle of Portland, where he was killed on the first day. His ship was sent to Vlissingen as part of a group of 17 Zeeland ships.

Claes, Marinus, and Dirck Juynbol

Claes and Marinus Claeszoon Juynbol were both convoyers of the Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maas), who came first to the blockade of the Spanish Armada in the Downs, and took part to the last aaction. They were the sons of Claes Marinuszoon Juynbol, who died in August 1629, and had taken part on the Neptunus (26 guns: 2-24pdr, 16-18pdr, 2-12pdr, and 6-6pdr), under Piet Hein, in the capture of the Spanish Silverfleet. [p.195 from Dr. M.G. De Boer's book, Tromp en de Armada van 1639. The Biographical Dictionary made an error, combining the careers of the elder and younger Claes. Mollema made that same error in the "Honor Roll". Claes (Nicolaes) had distinguished himself under Tromp against the Dunkirkers in 1634, and again at the Downs in 1639. In 1646, as a convoy commander for the Maas, fought against 6 Dunkirkers and preserved the convoy, but was severely wounded. In Rotterdam on 5 January 1647, he was assassinated. Dirck Janszoon Juynbol lived from 1615 until 11 December 1652. He was promoted to captain in 1652. In 1639, he served as a lieutenant at the Battle of the Downs. He distinguished himself at the Battle of the Kentish Knock, and was drowned during the loss of his burning ship at Dungeness. Dirck Juynbol commanded the Rotterdam Directors' ship Gelderland (30 guns and a crew of 131) during the most of 1652. Marinus Juynbol, on 26 February 1652 commanded the ship Schiedam (26 guns), which was one of a group of ships built in 1639 that had dimensions: 116ft x 27ft x 11ft. Dr. Elias says that Dirck Juynbol was his brother and that Dirck was Marinus' lieutenant on the Schiedam on 26 February. He also seems to indicate that Marinus Juynbol was dismissed and command was transferred to his brother Dirck.

Jan Corneliszoon Keert de Koe

Jan Corneliszoon Keert de Koe served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. In 1636, he commanded the ship Witte Eenhoorn, a ship of 150 lasts. The Witte Eenhoorn carried 32 guns and had a crew of 90 sailors and 20 soldiers. He served with Tromp's fleet from the beginning of the campaign of 1639. He repeatedly fulfilled important assignments. On 29 April 1639, his ship lay before the Maas, in the company of Witte de With and 6 other ships. On 16 May, his ship was with Tromp and Witte de With, passing Alderney and Portland. On 22 June, the fleet was off Portland, and Captain Keert de Koe was present. On July 10, he was still with the main body of the fleet. On 27 July, he was back off of Portland under Witte de With. On about 12 August, Captain Keert de Koe left for the Seine with Cornelis Evertsen to act as a convoy to the supply fleet. On 25 August, several of Captain Keert De Koes' sailors were punished. On 27 August, Captain Keert de Koe, along with Barent Pieterszoon Dorrevelt's row-yacht chased several enemy frigates, firing at them. While off Dunkirk on 4 September, his ship lost her main topmast. When that happened, Barent Pieterszoon Dorrevelt set sail to rejoin the fleet. On 19 September, Captain Keert de Koe rejoined the fleet, coming from the North Sea. He took no part in the final battle, as he died, and his crew reported on 16 October that their captain had died. Later, a Captain Keert de Koe fought in the battle for Malacca, but this must have been a different man.

J. Kuijper

Captain J. Kuijper served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He commanded the Agatha (50 guns) in the fleet that took Willem III to England. At the Battle of Beachy Head, he commanded the Castricum (50 guns) in the Van Squadron commanded by Cornelis Evertsen. Oddly enough, he is not listed in the index for De Jonge's book, despite being present in at least one list.

Sources:

• William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

Jan de Lapper

Jan de Lapper died in 1658. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1638, he became a captain.

In 1639, he distinguished himself against the Dunkirkers and at the Battle of the Downs. In 1645, he served under Witte de With, in the operation to push a merchant fleet into the Sound, without paying the toll. In 1652-1653, he fought in the great battles of the First Anglo-Dutch War. In 1656, he commanded the Marseveen (42 guns) under Van Wassenaer in the Sound and before Danzig.

Known Jan de Lapper's ships

1628

1652-1653

1656

Johan Cornelszoon Lichthart

This is my translation of the entry in Mollema's "Honor Roll" for Johan Corneliszoon Lichthart:

Johan Corneliszoon Lichthart lived from 1601 to 30 November 1646. He served the West India Company.

In 1629-1630, he distinguished himself as captain of the Matanzas in the conquest of Olinda (Brazil). In 1630, he distinguished himself on the Overijssel against a superior force of 3 Dunkirkers, and was awarded a golden chain. In 1633, he commanded, on the coast of Brazil, ships in expeditions against Paraiba, Itamaracá, and Rio Grande. In 1634, he commanded ships in expeditions against Santo Agostinho and Paraiba. IN 1635, he commanded the blockade fleet before Bahia and ships on expeditions against Calvo and Barra Grande, and the port of Santo Agostinho. In 1636, he distinguished himself in the fighting for Bahia. In 1637-1640, he was the admiral on the Brazilian coast and cooperated with Jol. In 1641, he distinguished himself ni the conquest of Maranhao. In 1645, he fought the Portuguese in the battle at Tamandaré. In 1646, he died on the expedition to Rio San Francisco.

Cornelis Evertszoon de Liefde

This is my translation of the entry in Mollema's "Honor Roll" for Cornelis Evertszoon de Liefde:

He lived from 1617 to 25 September 1673. He served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was promoted to captain in 1666 and was a temporary Schout-bij-Nacht in 1673. In 1644, he was a market ferry skipper from Amsterdam to Rotterdam. In 1667, he commanded the Wassenaer (56 guns) in the Raid on Chatham. In 1673, he distinguished himself on he Delft at Schooneveld and the Battle of the Texel.

In July 1672, Brandt indicates that Cornelis de Liefde commanded the Rotterdam ship Delft (62 guns and a crew of 295 sailors and 15 soldiers). In Warnsinck's book about the Schooneveld battles, he shows Cornelis de Liefde as commanding the Gelderland (63 guns and a crew of 345 men). He was in De Ruyter's squadron. On 17 August 1673, at the Battle of the Texel, he again commanded the Gelderland (now 63 guns and a crew of 295 sailors and 25 soldiers). He was in Jan de Liefde's division in De Ruyter's squadron. He was Jan de Liefde's older brother and still temporary Schout-bij-Nacht (as noted in Dr. J.R. Bruijn's book about the war in 1673).

Sier de Liefde

Sier de Liefde lived from 1595 to December 1652. He served the Admiralty of the Maze (Rotterdam). He was a captain in 1636 and a Schout-bij-Nacht in 1651.

In 1620, he convoyed the fishing fleet and repelled an attack, by two Dunkirkers at Texel. In 1637, he recaptured two prizes from the Dunkirkers. In 1638, he fought an action against two Dunkirkers. In 1639, he fought under Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp at the Downs. In 1641, he commanded the Witte Engel (30 guns) under Gysels in the operation off Portugal, fighting at the Battle of St. Vincent. In 1643/'44, he convoyed the fishing fleet. In 1652, he fought at the Battles of Dover and Dungeness. He was wounded at the last battle and died.

Jasper Liefhebber

Jasper Liefhebber lived from 1591to 28 May 1641. He served the Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maas). He was a captain in 1621 and an admiral in 1628.

In 1622, he served under Swartenhondt in the battle near Gibraltar. In 1623, he fought against the Dunkirkers. In 1629, he served under Piet Hein (presumably during the capture of the Silver Fleet). In 1631, he served with Quast before Dunkirk. In 1632, he was blockade commander before Dunkirk and then a squadron commander in the North Sea. In 1633, he was a convoy commander to the Lizard. Again, in 1634, he was a convoy commander in the North Sea. In 1636 and 1637, he served under Van Dorp off the Flemish coast. He resigned in 1638.

This is all from my translation of the entries by Mollema, in his "Honor Roll".

Frans Querijnszoon Mangelaer

Frans Mangelaer lived from about 1600 to 1661. He served and Zeeland Admiralty. He was a lieutenant in 1631 and a captain in 1646.

In 1633, he fought under Banckert against the Dunkirkers. In 1636, he fought under Evertsen against the Dunkirkers (Collaert). In 1639, he distinguished himself at the Battle of the Downs. In 1643, he again fought the Dunkirkers. In 1652, he commanded the Liefde (30 guns) under De Ruyter at the Battle of Plymouth. After that, he fought under Witte de With, at the Battle of the Kentish Knock. In 1653, he fought at the Battles of Portland and Scheveningen (Ter Heide). In 1654 and 1656, he was a convoy commander in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1659, he commanded the Utrecht (44 guns) under De Ruyter in the actions in the Sound, at Funen and Nyborg. In 1661, in Cornelis Evertsen's squadron, he captured the privateer Collaert. He was awarded a golden chain.

This is an edited version of my translation of what J.C. Mollema wrote in the "Honor Roll" (from Geschiedenis van Nederland ter zee ).

Barent Martenszoon

Barent Martenszoon served the Admiralty of Zeeland. At the time of the Battle of Solebay, Captain Martenszoon commanded the frigate Visschers Harder. His ship was part of Lt-Admiral Banckert's squadron. The ship carried 26 guns and had a crew of 57 sailors and 51 soldiers. Circa 21 May 1673, Captain Martenszoon commanded the frigate Goes, which had a crew of 142.

Source:

• Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijf van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, Amsterdam, 1687.

Jan Matthijsen

Here is what Mollema has wrote about Jan Matthijsen (or Jan Mathijszen):

He died in 1673. His birthdate is not known. He served in the Admiralty of Zeeland, where he became a captain in 1653 and a Schout-bij-Nacht in 1666.

• In 1653, he was at the Battle of Scheveningen (Ter Heide).
• He 1657, he was a convoy commander in the Mediterranean Sea.
• In 1659, he commanded the Zeelandia (54 guns) under De Ruyter in the Sound, Funen, and Nyborg.
• In 1666, he commanded the Delft (34 guns) and the Vlissingen (50 guns) in the Four Days Battle and the St. James Day Battle (The Two Days Battle). In 1667, he was at the raid on Chatham. In 1672, he was a Schout-bij-Nacht at the battle of Solebay.

Jacob van Meeuwen

We don't know, from Mollema, when Jacob van Meeuwen was born, but he died on 29 May 1678. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was extraordinary captain in 1658, ordinary captain in 1659, temporary Schout-bij-Nacht in 1672. After that, he was commander.

In 1657, he served under De Ruyter in the Mediterranean Sea and on the Portuguese coast. In 1658, he commanded the Burg van Leiden (42 guns) on the Portuguese coast. In 1659, he commanded the Hilversum (52 guns) on the operation to the Sound, Funen and Nyborg. In 1661, he commmanded the Vrede (42 guns) under De Ruyter in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1664, he convoyed the Smyrna fleet, with Van Brakel, and distinguished himself in the defense against the English attack. In 1666, he commanded the VOC ship Amsterdam (60 guns) in the Four Days and St. James Day Battles. In 1667, he commanded the Komeetstar (60 guns) in the raid on Chatham. In 1672, he distinguished himself as a commander at Solebay. In 1673, he commanded the Spiegel (70 guns) at Schooneveld and the Battle of the Texel. In 1675, he convoyed merchantmenfrom Portugal, and distinguished himself against the French assault in the Channel. In 1678, he distinguished himself as a convoy commander to Cadiz.

Jan Corneliszoon Meppel

Jan Corneliszoon Meppel is another officer listed in this appendix. There is no record of him, in any source that I have, prior to 1659, when he was in De Ruyter's fleet in the Sound. He had been appointed a Vice-Admiral of the Noorder-Kwartier in 1659. By 1665, he had been promoted to Lieutenant-Admiral.

• In 1659, Meppel had been appointed to replace Pieter Florissen, who had been killed at the Battle of the Sound, in late 1658.
• In 1661, he operated with Michiel De Ruyter against the Algerians.
• In 1664, he accompanied De Ruyter in operations near Guinea and the West Indies.
• In 1666, he served at the Four Days Battle and the St. Jame's Day Battle.
• In 1667, he took part in the raid on Chatham.
• In 1664, he commanded the 50-gun ship, the Noorderkwartier.
• From 1666, Meppel flew his flag on the 78-gun ship, the Westfriesland.

Pieter Middelandt

We don't know when he was born, but Pieter Middelandt died on 2 June 1676. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was appointed captain in 1666 and Schout-bij-Nacht in 1676.

In 1666, he commanded the Haarlem (42 guns) in the Four Days and the St. James Day Battles. In 1672, he commanded the Gideon (60 guns) at the Battle of Solebay. In 1673, he commanded the Komeetstar (70 guns) in the two Schooneveld battles. In 1674, he commanded the Oisterwijck (56 guns) under De Ruyter in the operation to Martinique. In 1675/'76, he commanded the Steenbergen (68 guns) under De Ruyter in operations in the Mediterranean Sea. He fought at Stromboli, Etna, and Palermo, and was drowned in the last battle.

This information is from Mollema's "Honor Roll".

Jan van Nes, De Jonge Boer Jaap

One question I have is if the listing for (Jan van Nes) de Jonge Boer Jaap, in the Rotterdam Admiralty document dated 26 February 1652 is correct, or in error. He is said, in that document, to have commanded the ship Gelderland. The specifications were:

All of the dimensions in the document were in Maas feet, so the dimesions in Amsterdam feet were something like this:

This would be of the same dimensions as the two 22-gun frigates, the Utrecht and the Overijssel.

My concern stems from the listing of ships in Michiel De Ruyter's fleet, in August 1653. The Jonge Boer Jaap's ship was the Gelderland (said to be commanded by Lieutenant Jan van Nes). The ship was said to have 26 guns and a crew of 100 men.

Is this the same ship, with a mistake in the information, somewhere? Or, are they two different ships? That seems unlikely, although it is possible.

Dirk Egmont van Neyenburgh

Dirk Egmont van Neyenburgh served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He commanded the frigate Asperen (36 guns and a crew of 130 men) in the fleet that carried Willem III to England in 1688. In source that is not available to me, Andrew found a list of the Dutch force that formed the van of the Allied fleet in 1689. In that list, a Captain van Nieburg is listed as commanding the Elswout (50 guns). It seems plausible that Nieburg is an alternate version of Neyenburgh. At the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690, the Elswout was commanded by Captain Noortheij.

Sources:

• William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
• J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

Jacob Oudart

Jacob Oudart served the Admiralty of the Maze. He commanded the ship Stad Utrecht (48 guns and a crew of 200 men) at the Battle of Lowestoft in June 1665. He was assigned to Cornelis Evertsen de Oude's Sixth Squadron. At the end of the battle, the Stad Utrecht was one of four ships that had collided and become tangled. These were the Koevorden (56 guns), the Prins Maurits (53 guns), the Elf Steden (54 guns), and the Stad Utrecht (48 guns). The Duke of York, in the Royal Charles, came upon the tangled ships, and ordered a fireship to attack if they would not surrender. They would not, so John Gething's fireship Fame was sent in to burn them. One of the ships exploded, and that freed the Elf Steden, which escaped. The rest of the ships were destroyed, and no more than 100 men were rescued.

Sources:

• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Jan Pouwelszoon

Jan Pouwelszoon served the Admiralty of Zeeland. The earliest mention of him that I have seen was in May 1639, when he was in Jan Evertsen's squadron, prior to the Battle of the Downs. He seems to have been present for the entire campaign, including the Battle of the Downs. In July to September 1652, he commanded the Neptunus (28 guns), as functioned as Michel De Ruyter's flag captain. I have seen a reference that suggested that the Neptunus was one of the 120ft ships. Jan Pouwelszoon fought at the Battle of Plymouth, against Sir George Ayscue's fleet. When De Ruyter's fleet joined the main fleet, under Witte de With, in September 1652, Jan Pouwelszoon's ship was found to be deficient and was sent in for repairs. He was among ten ships that missed the Battle of the Kentish Knock. Jan Pouwelszoon was present at the Battle of Dungeness, and was in Cornelis Evertsen de Oude's squadron. In a storm on December 9, 1652, Jan Pouwelszoon's ship lost its foremast. On December 12, Jan Pouwelszoon returned to the fleet and reported that Tromp's prize, the Garland, had set sail for Goeree. On December 26, Captain Pouwelszoon stopped a Hamburger merchant bound for Aveiro. The ship was allowed to proceed. Jan Pouwelszoon commanded the ship Vlissingen at the Battle of the Gabbard. His ship was lying at Vlissingen in July 1653, with the bulk of the fleet. The handwritten list of ships at Vlissingen explicitly mentioned Jan Pouwelszoon and the Vlissingen (one of the few captains mentioned at all). I have no further reference to his activities after that date. Dr. Ballhausen lists Jan Pouwelszoon (of Veere) as being at the Battle of Portland, and aboard the Neptunus, but I have not been able to confirm that information.

Engel De Ruyter

Engel De Ruyter lived from May 2, 1649 to February 27, 1683. He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was a midshipman in 1666. In 1668, he became a Extraordinary-Captain. In 1669, he was a captain and in 1673, he was a Schout-bij-Nacht (Rear-Admiral).

In 1664-1665, he served with his father in the Mediterranean Sea, on the coast of Guinea, and in the West Indies. In 1670, he fought under Van Ghent against the Algerians. He was awarded medal and chain for his distinguished service. In 1672, he was intended to be part of the fireship attack at Solebay. That is when the 100-gun flagship, the Royal James was burnt and the Earl of Sandwich drowned. Instead, he commanded the Deventer (60 guns) at Solebay, where he was wounded. In 1672-1673, he commanded a company of sailors defending a water-filled defense line. In 1673, he commanded the Waesdorp (72 guns) at Schooneveld and the Battle of the Texel (Kijkduin). In 1674, he commanded the Spiegel (70 guns), under Michiel De Ruyter, at Martinique. In 1675, he was a convoy commander in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1676, he commanded temporarily in the Sound. In 1678, he was squadron commander with the fleet sent to aid Spain. He fought Chateaurenault.

Hendrick Schrevels

I noticed that Hendrick Schrevels was listed in my document prior to 1645. In March 1628, he commanded the Zeehaan frigate (6 guns and a crew of 50 men). The Zeehaan was a vessel of 50 lasts. In 1635, he commanded the Harderwijk, as he did in 1639. He arrived late to the fleet and was assigned to the squadron of Denijs. In 1641, he commanded the Gouda. In 1643, he commanded the Frederik Hendrick, a flagship. With Witte de With's fleet in May-June 1645, he is listed as commanding the Prins Hendrick (30 guns and a crew of 100 men). Almost certainly, the Prins Hendrick is actually the Prins Hendrick.

Sources:

• James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript Dutch Ships 1600-1700, 2005.
• Dr. M.G. De Boer, ATromp en de Armada van 1639, 1941.
• Dr. F. Graefe, De Kapiteinsjaren van Maerten Harpertszoon Tromp, 1938.
• G. W. Kernkamp, De Sleutels van de Sont, 1890.

Cornelis Joosten Smient (or Joosten Smient)

Cornelis Joosten Smient probably is the same man just called Joosten Smient by Frank Fox. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's 5th Squadron. He commanded the Swedish prize Shager Roos (38 guns and a crew of 140 men). In 1667, he commanded the Star (32 guns) in the Raid on Chatham. He was assigned to Van Ghent's squadron.

Sources:

• Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Jacob Sijvertszoon Spanheijm

De Sleutels van de Sont lists a Jacob Syvertsz. as serving the New Directors of Amsterdam in 1645. He commanded the ship Venetia (32 guns and a crew of 78 men). I wondered if this was the same man as Jacob Sijvertszoon Spanheijm, who served the Amsterdam Directors in 1652 and 1653. Up until the Battle of Portland (the Three Days Battle), he commanded the ship Elias (34 guns). The Elias was eventually captured by the English at the Battle of the Gabbard in 1653, and taken into their service. Jacob Sijvertszoon Spanheijm was killed in the Battle of Portland. I also wondered if the Venetia might have also served in the First Anglo-Dutch War. One of the two Venetias listed in The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, was actually named the Julius Caesar.

Sources:

• C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
• James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript Dutch Ships 1600-1700, 2005.
• Gerhard Wilhelm Kernkamp, De Sleutels van de Sont, 1890.