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Dutch officers (A - S)
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Naval Officers

English Officers (A - R)

Joseph Ames

Joseph Ames served the Commonwealth navy. In 1653, he commanded the hired merchantman Samuel Talbot (30 guns). At the Battle of the Gabbard, he was in Joseph Jordan's division. Joseph Jordan was Vice-Admiral of the Blue. He also fought at the Battle of Scheveningen. From 1654 to 1660, he commanded the Winsby (50 guns). The Winsby was a 4th Rate that was renamed Happy Return after the Restoration.

Henry Appleton

Henry Appleton commanded one of two small divisions of ships that had been dispatched to the Mediterranean by the English. The other division was commanded by Richard Badiley. They were both designated as Commodores.

Appleton had experience at sea in merchant vessels. He was from Hull, and had been a Warden of Trinity House. The Parliamentarian naval administration had wanted to give him command of a warship. In 1651, was given command of the Leopard.

On his arrival in the Mediterranean, Appleton's division consisted of his flagship, the Leopard, 48 guns; the Bonaventure, 44 guns; and the Constant Warwick, 32 guns.

At the outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch war, the original Dutch Mediterranean commander, Joris van Cats, trapped Appleton in the Livorno harbor. He was not to emerge until 14 March 1653, when his division was defeated, the Leopard captured, and Appleton was made prisoner by the Dutch. During the 9 months they were there, the Grand Duke of Tuscany was in negotiations with the Dutch and English, trying to get Appleton's squadron to leave Livorno.

By March 1653, Appleton's division had grown to include 4 merchant ships, as well as his two warships. I would call it a squadron. He had orders to leave port and join with Badiley's squadron. Instead, he was engaged by the Dutch squadron and defeated, before Richard Badiley could close. Badiley later charged that Appleton had not fought very hard, before he surrendered.

The captured English captains were exchanged in May 1653. Appleton returned to Trinity house, and never served again in the Navy, for the rest of his life. He died in 1657.

This account relies upon R.C. Anderson's article in the Mariner's Mirror, "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean", from the November 1963 issue.

Richard Beach

Richard Beach was a Royalist privateer during the First Anglo-Dutch War. Robert Blake and William Penn reported, in a letter dated 28 March 1654 (new style) that Richard Beach, and his ship, the Royal James had been captured.

The Royal James was renamed Sorlings. Dimensions:

The Sorlings was wrecked in 1667.

In 1666, the Sorlings carried 34 guns with 22-demi-culverins (9pdr) and 12-sakers (5-1/4pdr).

This is drawn from the First Dutch War, Vol.VI and from Frank Fox's book, Great Ships: the battlefleet of King Charles II.

"the other" Robert Blake

The less famous Robert Blake served the Commonwealth Navy. He was the nephew of the famous admiral. From 1653 to 1655, he commanded the 4th Rate Hampshire (46 guns). He fought at the Battle of the Gabbard. Michael Baumber says that he "fought with his usual elán and lack of finesse". From 1656 to 1660, he commanded the 3rd Rate Newbury (52 guns). He did not serve after the Restoration. When Robert Blake was dying, his two nephews, Robert and Samuel, accompanied him home.

Isias Blowfield

Isias Blowfield served in the Commonwealth navy. From 1652 to 1653, he commanded the Lily (12 guns and a crew of 50 men). Early in 1652, Edmund Barrett still commanded the Lily. On 3 September 1653, Isias Blowfield was still in command of the Lily. From 1653 to 1654, he commanded the prize Convert (32 guns and a crew of 120 men). On 17 December 1653, he was in command of the Convert, lying in the Thames. A letter from Robert Blake from 15 October says that "Esias Blowfield" was commander of the Convert.

William Brandley

William Brandley served in both the Parliamentarian and Commonwealth navies. From 1646 to 1647, he commanded the Mary galliot. He first appeared as part of the Winter Guard in 1646. From 1647 to 1648, he commanded the Tenth Whelp. He was assigned to the Winter Guard in 1647 and the Summer and Winter Guard in 1648. In 1649, he commanded the Dutch prize Satisfaction. In May, he was ordered to sail to the Sussex coast, to provide protection to fishing in that area. In 1650, he commanded the 4th Rate Phoenix. From 1651 to 1652, he commanded the 4th Rate Portsmouth (36 guns). He fought at Dover on May 29, 1652 (New Style). He was with Robert Blake's squadron in Rye Bay, before the battle. On September 28, 1652, he fought at the Battle of the Kentish Knock. The Portsmouth carried 38 guns, by then. In 1653, he commanded the 3rd Rate Essex (46 guns and a crew of 250 men) at the Battle of the Gabbard and at Scheveningen. At the Gabbard, William Brandley was Robert Blake's flag captain in the Essex, where she carried 48 guns. The Essex was Blake's flagship for his squadron which joined late in the battle.

Three men named John Brooks in the Restoration navy

Three men named John Brooks served in the Restoration navy. One John Brooks was appointed captain of the Little Mary by Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle in 1666. He died prior to 1689. Another John Brooks was appointed lieutenant of the Yarmouth in 1664. He also died prior to 1689. The other John Brooks was appointed captain of the Greenwich in 1666. In June, the Greenwich was still under construction and had not been launched. He did fight in the St. James's Day Battle, where the Greenwich was assigned to Sir Joseph Jordan's division in the Red Squadron. In 1672, he commanded the 3rd Rate Mary. He fought in the Battle of Solebay, where he was assigned to Sir Joseph Jordan's division in the Blue Squadron. In August 1672, he was in Sir John Harman's division in the Blue Squadron. By June 1673, Sir Roger Strickland commanded the Mary. Thi s John Brooks died in 1678.

Sources:

• R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
• Julian S. Corbett, The Note on the Drawings in the Possession of The Earl of Dartmouth Illustrating The Battle of Solebay May 28, 1672 and The Battle of the Texel August 11, 1673 1908.
• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
• J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Packington Brooks

Packington Brooks served in the Restoration navy. In 1661, he held two appointments as lieutenant, first on the Royal James and then on the Royal Charles. In 1662, he was appointed captain of the Foresight. In 1664, he was appointed captain of the Eagle. Later in 1664, he was captain of the Foresight again. In June 1665 he was in the Channel and did not take part in the Battle of Lowestoft. In August 1665, he fought at Bergen, in the attack on the Dutch East Indiamen.

Sources:

• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
• J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Edmund Chapman

Edmund Chapman commanded the Recovery (24 guns and a crew of 70 men) in early 1652. On 12 May 1652, he was with Anthony Young off the Start, when they stopped the two Dutch warships convoying 7 Straatsvaarders. Michael Baumber says that they were sent to the Start in hopes of meeting Sir George Ayscue's squadron returning from Barbadoes. They had supplies for them and were to warn them of danger of a Dutch attack. In September, he was with Andrew Ball's squadron on the expedition to the Sound. Later in 1652, he commanded the Entrance (43 guns) at the Battle of Dungeness. Edmund Chapman was one of the four captains disciplined for not fighting hard enough in the battle. In 1653, he commanded the Dutch prize Golden Cock (36 guns) at the Battle of Scheveningen, where he was killed

John Coppin

John Coppin served in the navy both before and after the Restoration. Andrew points out that John Coppin was born on 24 May 1607. In 1644, he commanded the hired merchantship Elizabeth and Anne. From 1645 to 1649, he commanded the 6th Rate Greyhound. In 1650-1651, he commanded the Amity. From 1651 to 1652, he commanded the Entrance. In 1652, he commanded the 3rd Rate Speaker. He lost a leg, apparently at the Battle of the Kentish Knock, and by the end of the year had to concede that he could serve no longer, until he healed. He was back at sea by 1656, and commanded the Langport (renamed Henrietta at the Restoration) at least until the Restoration. Captain Coppin seems to have not been at the Battle of Lowestoft, but a the Four Days Battle, he commanded the 2nd Rate St. George (66 guns) in the Blue Squadron. In the battle, the St. George had 17 killed and 23 wounded. John Coppin was among those killed.

Owen Cox

Owen Cox was an energetic and competent captain who served the navy of Cromwell. From 1645 to 1646, he commanded the Royalist. From 1648 to 1650, he commanded the Phoenix. From 1648 to 1650, he commanded the Recovery (28 guns). Then from 1651 to 1652, he commanded the Constant Warwick (32 guns). He operated in the Mediterranean until the English were beaten and driven from the Mediterranean Sea after the Battle of Livorno (14 March 1653). During 1652-1653, the biggest diplomatic issue for both the Dutch and English was relations with the neutral Duchy of Tuscany, as Livorno was Tuscan. The Constant Warwick was in Henry Appleton’s squadron. Cox had created a diplomatic incident by taking a French ship outside the port. The Duke of Tuscany objected, and commanded that the French ship be released. When the Constant Warwick left for Genoa to careen, only two ships were left in the port under Appleton’s command (the Leopard was Appleton’s flagship).

Owen Cox was temporarily in command of the Bonaventure (44 guns) for a short period. During the Battle of Monte Christo (or Elba), the frigate Phoenix ended up in Dutch hands, after some peculiar circumstances. After the Phoenix was recovered from the Dutch, he commanded her until his death at the Battle of Scheveningen, in August 1653. The recapture of the Phoenix created another diplomatic problem, as they took her in Livorno by a boat attack. Cox's death at Scheveningen terminated a promising career, which might have continued after the Restoration. There is some indication that this is wrong and that he was an officer in the Swedish navy during 1658-1659, but I am not able to verify this.

Although Owen Cox was reported to have been killed at Scheveningen, as reported by Whitelock in his Memorials, that was incorrect. Page 373 of The First Dutch War, Vol.V, has the letter saying he was killed. The note on Page 390 corrects the record. Pages 95 and 96 of R. C. Anderson's book Naval Wars in the Baltic apparently notes the continued career of Owen Cox. A squadron was sent out from Landskrona on July 6th, 1659, under the command of "Major Coxe" to the Little Belt, arriving on the 20th. The Swedes defeated the combined Danish-Dutch squadron. This was where the Dutch Monnikendam (32 guns) was lost. After the battle, Coxe burnt 30 tranports at Aarhuus.

George Delavall

George Delavall served in the English and British navies from the very late 17th Century until the 1720's. He was appointed Captain on 28 October 1695. He was operating in the Mediterranean Sea with John Munden in the 1698-1699 timeframe, when George Delavall commanded the Conventy (42 guns). He fought in the Battle of Velez Malaga on 13 August 1704 (old style). He commanded the Tilbury (50 guns) in the battle. He was a member of parliament from 1715 for West Looe. He was appointed Rear-Admiral of the Blue on 28 March 1718. He fought in the Battle of Cape Passaro on 11 August 1718 (old style). He flew his flag on the Dorsetshire (80 guns) with John Furzer as his flag captain. With Thomas Kempthorne, in the Royal Oak (70 guns), he chased two ships, but did not catch them. He had taken the Spanish Isabela (60 guns). He was appointed as Rear-Admiral of the Red on 10 March 1719. He was promoted to Vice-Admiral of the White on 16 February 1723. He died on 22 June 1723.

Sources:

• William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
• William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.III, 1898.
• David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.

Richard Fogge

Richard Fogge served King Charles' navy and the Royalist naval forces. The first record of Richard Fogge has him as captain of the St. James prize. Apparently, this was one of the French ships captured at Rochelle. In 1633, he commanded the Tenth Whelp. In 1635, he commanded the Antelope. The next year, he commanded the Garland. In 1637, he commanded the Convertine. This was the former Destiny, Sir Walter Raleigh's ship. In 1638, he commanded the Happy Entrance. In 1639, he commanded the 2nd Rate James. From 1640-1641, he was back in command of the Garland. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he commanded the 2nd Rate Victory. From there, he commanded the Constant Reformation, which went over to the Royalists. In 1642, parliament ordered that Richard Fogge, and four other captains be removed from command, when the Earl of Warwick took command of the navy. They were accused of not surrendering their ships to the Earl, when commanded to do so. They were ordered to be arrested. Earlier in the year, parliament had approved of him.

John Gibbs

John Gibbs only appears to have commanded the Garland (44 guns) from 1651 to 1652. He was replaced by Robert Batten, who was killed at the Battle of Dungeness, where the Garland was taken by the Dutch. Michael Baumber says that Captain Gibbs, along with Charles Thorowgood, of the Worcester, were accused of having gotten to the leeward, before the battle began, and did not provide support to Robert Blake in the ensuing fight. This seems to be the same John Gibbs mentioned by Robert Blake, in a letter from June 1650, as an English captain whose ship had been taken in a Portuguese port.

John Goulding (or Golding)

John Goulding served the Royalist cause, then in the Commonwealth and Restoration navies. He was serving the Royalist cause in 1648 to 1649. In 1650, he commanded the Royalist ship Black Prince (10 guns). In 1651, he commanded the St. Michael, and deserted to the Commonwealth. The St. Michael had been a Genoese ship, either St. Michael or Archangel Michael. The Royalists captured her in 1651, but she deserted to the Commonwealth, and was renamed Gilliflower (32 guns). He earned Robert Blake's praise for his service in the Commonwealth cause in late 1651. In 1652, he commanded the Hound (36 guns) at the Battle of the Kentish Knock and then the Waterhound (30 guns) at the Battle of Dungeness. In 1653, he sailed as a privateer. He served the Restoration navy as a captain from 1661. He was killed in action on 13 April 1665. In the Restoration list of captains, he is called John Golding.

William Haddock and Richard Haddock

I realized that I had another source to research the career of Captain William Haddock. This is R. C. Anderson's List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, which is Society for Nautical Research Occasional Publications No. 8, London, 1964.

This small publication says that William Haddock commanded a hired merchant ship, the Hannibal, from 1652 to 1656. I started to look further, after I found that William Haddock commanded the Hannibal as a captain, in Vice-Admiral of the Red James Peacock's division at the Battle of the Gabbard (12-13 June 1653 N.S.). On 27 December 1653, he was still in command of the Hannibal.

How could William Haddock have gone from a Vice-Admiral of the White to a simple captain? R.C. Anderson's explanation is that there was a Richard Haddock. Richard Haddock started this period, in 1642, commanding the 2nd Rate Vanguard. From 1643 to 1644, Richard Haddock commanded the small 3rd Rate Antelope. Later in 1644, he commanded the purchased ship John. By 1648, Richard Haddock commanded the 2nd Rate Unicorn. By 1652, he was back in the Vanguard, as a Vice-Admiral.

Why is The First Dutch War (and other sources that rely upon it) so different? The explanation may be the death of Dr. Gardiner and a new editor, C. T. Atkinson, who was not familiar with the material. This could be another manifestation of that situation. I have found numerous mistakes like this, so why not another?

Another piece of evidence can be found on page 269 of Vol.I, The First Dutch War. On 13 June 1652, "Captain Haddock the younger be appointed captain of the ship Hannibal in place of Tatum deceased". Immediately following that entry, there is an entry appointing Captain Harrison as captain of the Vanguard, as of the same date.

I am now looking at page 17, Vol.II of The First Dutch War, and see that again, a "Captain Haddock" is appointed as captain of the Vanguard (26 July 1652 New Style). The next day, he was appointed as Sir George Ayscue's Vice-Admiral.

Now I look at page 239, in Vol.II, and see that there is a quote "old Capt. Haddock in the Vanguard". I now assume that this refers to Richard Haddock (the old captain Haddock, not the young captain Haddock, William).

The next piece of evidence is found on page 22 of Vol.IV of The First Dutch War. The list of English ships thought to have been at the Battle of Portland includes William Haddock as the captain of the Hannibal. I'm not sure that I would want to use Oppenheim's History of the Administration of the Royal Navy as a source for that (unless I am mis-reading the footnote). A related piece of evidence is a "List of the Merchant Ships appointed for the Straits, being part in the Harbour and part in the Road", also in Vol.IV, on page 280. This list includes the Hannibal, 44 guns, commanded by William Haddock.

I am certain that R.C. Anderson has the story right, and that William Haddock was not the Vice-Admiral, but it was Richard Haddock. The evidence is overwhelming, in my view.

Thomas Harman

Thomas Harman served in the Restoration navy. In 1671, Thomas Harman served as Lieutenant on the Adventure. In 1672, he was appointed as captain of the Tiger. In August, he was with the fleet, where he was assigned to Richard Beach's division in the Blue Squadron. On 22 February 1674, he fought an action with the Dutch frigate Schakerloo, commanded by Passchier de Witte. Thomas Harman took the Schakerloo (28 guns), and was wounded in the fight. On 12 June 1675, the King appointed him as captain of the Sapphire. In August 1677, he had taken an Algerian warship, the Date Tree. He attacked another, the Golden Horse (46 guns), but the Sapphire lost its mainmast and he was killed on 10 September 1677.

Sources:

• William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
• David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
• J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Bartholomew Kitcher (or Ketcher)

In the list of English captains, R. C. Anderson spells the name Bartholomew Ketcher. In an earlier article, R. C. Anderson said that Bartholomew Kitcher probably had fought at the Battle of Scheveningen in the Half Moon (30 guns). Captain Kitcher commanded the Half Moon from 1653 to 1654, and commanded the Great Charity in 1659. Both of these ships were Dutch prizes. The Dutch name for the Half Moon was Halve Maan. The ship had been hired by the Monnikendam Directors. Her Dutch captain was Hendrick Pieterszoon. The ship was captured at the Battle of the Gabbard in June 1653.

The Great Charity was an Amsterdam Directors' ship, the Groote Liefde (38 guns), captured at the Battle of Portland in February 1653. Her Dutch captain was Bruijn van Seelst. He commanded the ship from early 1652 until the Battle of Portland. She was was a large ship, 132ft x 29ft x 13.5ft (Amsterdam feet).

Thomas Marriot

Thomas Mariott (or Marriot or Marriott) served the Commonwealth navy. I have not been able to confirm that he commanded the Star (20 guns) in 1647. In fact, there seems to be evidence that contradict that. He did command the Discovery (40 guns and a crew of 180 men) from 1651 to 1654. He fought in the Battle of Portland in early 1653. He also fought in the Battle of Scheveningen in August of 1653. In December 1654, the Discovery was lying at Portsmouth, as part of the Winter Guard for 1653. In 1656, he commanded the 2nd Rate Dunbar (64 guns). The Dunbar was renamed Henry in 1660 and had a distinguished career in the Restoration navy.

John Mildmay

John Mildmay was serving in the Parliamentarian Navy as early as 1643, when he commanded the Revenge (4 guns and a crew of 12 men). From 1644 to 1645, he commanded the Maria pinnace. In the Summer Guard list for 1644, this may be one of the "six small pinnaces with six guns apiece" mentioned, but not named. From later ini 1645 until 1647, he commanded the Kentish, a 6th Rate, said to be a purchased armed merchantman. In 1647, he commanded the Peter and then the Providence. The Peter was a 6th Rate (10 guns and 120 tons) serving in the Western Guard in the summer of 1647. With the Winter Guard, John Mildmay commanded the 4th Rate Providence, which served in the Irish Squadron. During the summer, in 1648, he still commanded the Providence in the Summer Guard. There is a mention that he might have commanded the 6th Rate Roebuck sometime in 1648, as well. During the summer, Robert Nixon commanded the Roebuck. From 1649 until 1652, John Mildmay commanded the 4th Rate Nonsuch. In early May 1649, he took an Irish ship leaving Ostend bound for Ireland with 240 men and three guns. At the Battle of the Kentish Knock, he took a Dutch warship, presumably the Maria (30 guns and a crew of 100 men), commanded by Claes Sael. Michael Baumber says that the prize was Sipke Fockes' ship, which would have been the Sint Maria (28 guns and a crew of 100 men), but we know that she survived at that the only prize was the Maria. Another vessel, the Burgh van Alkmaar, was sunk. From later in 1652 until 1653, he was flag captain on the 2nd Rate Vanguard. At the Battle of Dungeness, John Mildmay distinguished himself while aiding Blake's flagship's escape from the Dutch. In a council of war in December 1652, he was one of the signatories to a letter that asked the Council of State to better man and equip the fleet. At the Battle of Portland in mid-February 1653, John Mildmay distinguished himself as George Monck's flag captain on the Vanguard, but was killed in action. Monck was Admiral of the White at Portland.

Robert Nixon

Robert Nixon served in the Parliamentarian and Commonwealth navies. He first appears in command of the Humber ketch in the Summer Guard for 1647. He was in the Western Guard commanded by Rear-Admiral Richard Owen. In 1648, he commanded the 6th Rate Roebuck (14 guns) in the Summer Guard. From later in 1648 until 1649, he commanded the Hector (22 guns). From 1649 until 1651, he commanded the Fellowship (28 guns). In 1653, he commanded the 4th Rate Adventure. He definitely was with William Penn's squadron on March 30, 1653, in command of the Adventure (42 guns and a crew of 170 men). He also seems to have commanded the Adventure at the Battle of Portland, before that date. At the Battle of the Gabbard, he was in James Peacock's Division (Vice-Admiral of the Red). He was still in command of the Adventure at the Battle of Scheveningen, and on September 3, 1653. From late 1653 until 1655, he commanded the Centurion (42guns). In 1655, Robert Nixon was still in command of the Centurion, in the Mediterranean Sea, with Robert Blake's squadron. From 1656 until 1659, he commanded the 3rd Rate Worcester (50 guns). He seems to have not served in the Restoration navy.

Michael Packe

Michael Packe served the Commonwealth navy until he was killed in 1652. In 1650, he commanded the Merchant Frigate, a hired merchantman. From 1651 until his death in 1652, he commanded the Amity (36 guns). At the beginning of the First Anglo-Dutch War, he had been with Sir George Ayscue at Barbadoes. Michael Packe had been a Rear-Admiral in Sir George Ayscue's fleet at the Battle of Plymouth. He had a leg injury that caused his leg to be amputated. He died a short time later. Upon his death, his brother Henry Packe was given command of the Amity. This sort of shift, of a relative taking command when a family member died was not unusual in both the English and Dutch navies. Henry Packe commanded the Amity until the Restoration.

James Peacock

These are some notes about James Peacock, who at the beginning of the First Anglo-Dutch War, was a captain. He eventually was promoted to be a Vice-Admiral, but was killed at the Battle of Scheveningen. The notes are all from various places in the Navy Records Society publication, The First Dutch War. All dates are "new style".

In January 1652, James Peacock was a captain who commanded the frigate, the Tiger.

On 2 June, he was ordered to the Downs, with his ship.

Sometime in June, Captain Peacock had taken part in a fight with two Dutch warships, along with Captain John Taylor, in the Laurel.

Captain Peacock was commended for his actions, while Captain Taylor was criticized.

On 24 October, Captain Peacock and two other captains, in their ships, captured a Dutch 20-gun ship.

On 9 November, a prize taken by Captain Peacock, the Morgenstar was to be renamed Plover, and was to be used as a warship.

On 26 November 1652, there was a desire to give Captain Peacock command of a new frigate, when one was available.

On 7 December, Captain Peacock was lying at Harwich, needing a new bowsprit for his ship. He was ordered to proceed to the Lee Road, and to obtain a bowsprit, there. He was to convoy what colliers were available, and have the three ships, Oak, Gillyflower, and Paul accompany him.

A council of war was held, on 24 December 1652, on board Robert Blake's flagship, the Triumph. James Peacock was one of the attendees. They made some resolutions about how to correct the problems that were revealed at the Battle of Dungeness.

For the Battle of Portland, James Peacock was a Vice-Admiral of the White, with his flag in the 2nd Rate, the Rainbow. The Admiral of the White was George Monck, with his flag in the 2nd Rate Vanguard.

In early April, Deane and Monck gave Vice-Admiral Peacock the Triumph as his new flagship. The Triumph was available, as Deane and Monck now had the 1st Rate Resolution (88 guns) as their flagship.

At the Battle of the Gabbard, 12 and 13 June 1653, James Peacock was Vice-Admiral of the Red. He was still in the Triumph.

On 15 August 1653, James Peacock was listed as one of the English "captains" who was killed at the Battle of Scheveningen. Apparently, the custom was that Admirals functioned as captain of their own ship. He had commanded the Triumph, again, at Scheveningen.

Phineas Pett

Phineas Pett served in the Restoration navy. In 1661, the Duke of York appointed him as captain of the 6th Rate Truelove. Later in 1661, he was appointed to command the 6th Rate Bramble. In 1663, the Duke of York appointed him to command the yacht Henrietta. He was reappointed in 1664. In 1665, he was appointed as captain of the yacht Katherine. Later in 1665, he was appointed as captain of the 4th Rate Tiger. At the time of the Battle of Lowestoft, he was at Portsmouth. He was killed in action with Dutch warships on 2 May 1666.

Sources:

• Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
• David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
• J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.